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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡Ghealth, United States, 2002, P. 79. National Center for Health Statistics, US Department of Health and Human Services; US Census Bureau.

 

 

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75·³¤Î¥H¤W             10.4          9.9            9.5                    21.2          19.1          19.3

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¥Õ¤H («D¦è¸Ç)        6.1            5.7            5.8                    13.0          11.5          12.1

¶Â¤H («D¦è¸Ç)        11.7          11.9          10.2                  21.2          20.8          19.2

¦è¯Z¤ú¸Ç                 10.8          8.6            8.6                    16.3          14.1          13.4

 

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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GAdvance Data, No. 309, December 22, 1999, US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, 1999.


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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GStatistical Abstract of the United States, 2002, P. 116, US Census Bureau.

 

 

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CCRC¾ã¦X©M¨ó½Õ¯f±wªº¿W¥ß¥Í¬¡©MLTC¬ÛÃöªA°È (½Ð°Ñ¾\¹Ï10-5)¡A±N¤£¦Pµ¥¯ÅªºªA°È¤À´²¦bªÀ°Ï¤ºªº¤£¦P¤j¼Ó¤º¡CªA°È½d³òµøªÀ°Ï¥Á²³ªº¦Ñ¤Æ±¡§Î©M¦Ñ¥¢¤Hªº»Ý­n¦Ó©w¡A¤j­P¥]¬A¦í«Î¡BÂåÀø«O°·©MªÀ·|ªA°È¡C¥Á²³³q±`·|¦b°·±d±¡§ÎÁٺ⤣¿ù®É·h¤JªÀ°Ï¡A¨Ã¦bªÀ°Ï«O«ù¿W¥ß¥Í¬¡¡A¥u¦³¦b»Ý­n®É¤~±µ¨ü·ÓÅ@ªA°È©M¨ä¥L¨ó§U¡CCCRCªº¯S©Ê¦p¤U (Aaronson 1996)¡G

¡P CCRC´£¨Ñ¿W¥ßªº©~¦íÀô¹Ò¡A¥]¬A¤p«Î¡B¤½´J©M¨ä¥L¦UºØ¤j¤pªº¦í«Îµ¥µ¥¡C¨C¶¡¦í«Î³£³]¦³¨®´×©Î¨®®w¡A¨C¼l¤½´J¤]³]¸m¤p«¬¼p©Ð©Mºû«ù¿W¥ß¥Í¬¡©Ò»Ýªº¨ä¥L³]¬I¡C¤¤¥¡¼p©Ð¨C¤Ñ´£¨Ñ¤@À\©Î¦hÀ\ªA°È¡CªÀ°Ï¥t¥~ÁÙÁ|¿ì¥ð¶¢©MªÀ¥æ¬¡°Ê¡AÂ×´I©~¥Áªº¥Í¬¡¡C

¡P CCRCªþ³]©~¦í¤Î¥Í¬¡»²§U¤¤¤ß¡A´£¨Ñ¤¶©ó¿W¥ß¥Í¬¡©MÂåÀø·ÓÅ@¤§¶¡ªºªA°È¡CCCRC·|¹ï©~¦í¦b¤¤¤ßªº©~¥Á¶i¦æADL°l踪¡A¨Ã´£¨Ñ¬ÛÃö¨ó§U¡C

¡P SNF³q±`¼È®É©Î¥Ã¤[¦¬®eCCRC©~¥Á¡CSNF´£¨Ñµ¹CCRCªºªA°È¡A©MÀø¾i°|´£¨Ñµ¹¤@¯ëªÀ°ÏªºªA°È¬Û¦P¡C

¡P CCRC­n¯f±w¦b¦í°|«e¤ä¥I¤@¨Ç¶µ´Ú¡A¥]¬A¦í°|¤âÄò¶O¤Î/©Î¨C¤ë¦í°|¶O¥Î¡C

¡P CCRD©M¯f±w¶¡Ã±­q¦³Ãö CCRC·ÓÅ@¸q°È©M¯f±w¥I´Ú¸q°Èªº¦X¬ù¡C

 

°£¤F¥Ñ¦Ñ¤HÂåÀø«OÀI­p¹º»{ÃÒªºSNF¥~¡ACCRC³q±`­n¨D¯f±w¦Û¦æµ¹¥I¡CµøªA°È¤º


¡@

®eªº¤£¦P¡A¦í°|¤âÄò¶O©M¨C¤ë¦í°|¶O¤]¤£¤@¼Ë¡CCCRC¥H¦UºØ«P¾P¤â¬q§l¤Þ¤¤µ¥©Î¤¤°ª¦¬¤Jªº¥Á²³¦í¶iªÀ°Ï¡A¦Ó¥Á²³¤§©Ò¥HÄ@·N¦í¶iCCRCªº¥D­n­ì¦]¤§¤@¡A¬OCCRC«OÃÒ¦í¤á¦b»Ý­n®É¥i¥HÀò±oLTCªA°È (Cohen et al. 1988)¡C

 

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1998¦~¡AÁ`¦@¤j¬ù¦³4,100¸U°Ñ¥[¦Ñ¤HÂåÀø«OÀI¡A¨ä¤¤23% ªº¨ü¯q¤H±µ¨üSNFªºÀø¾i°|·ÓÅ@¡C1999¦~¡A¥þ¬ü¦U¦a¤j¬ù¦³1,469,500¦W¦Ñ¦~¤H (¦û¥þ°ê¦Ñ¦~¤H¤fªº4.3%) ¦í¶iÀø¾i°| (DHHS 2002a)¡C¥þ¬ü°ê¤j¬ù¦³18,000®aÀø¾i°|¡A´£¨Ñ±Nªñ2¦Ê¸U±i¯f§É (ªí10-3)¡CÀø¾i°|ªº¤H¤f²Î­p¸ê®Æ¥ÑÁp¨¹¬F©²¥þ°ê°·±d²Î­p¤¤¤ß (National Center for Health Statistics) ­t³d»`¶°¡A¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¥]¬AÀø¾i°|©M©Ò¿×ªº¡u¿¯­¹¤Î·ÓÅ@¤§®a¡v(Board-and-Care Home)¡C¡uÀø¾i°|¡v¦Ü¤Ö¾Ö¦³¤T±i¯f§É¡A³q±`¬°»â¦³°õ·ÓªºÀø¾i°|¡B¨ú±o¦Ñ¤H/³h¥ÁÂåÀø«OÀI­p¹ºSNF©ÎNF»{ÃÒªº¾÷ºc¡A©Î¦³¸ê®æ´£¨ÑÂåÀø©Î·ÓÅ@ªA°Èªº¾÷ºc (³o¨Ç¾÷ºc¤]¥i¯à¥¼¨ú±o»{ÃÒ)¡C¡u¿¯­¹º[·ÓÅ@¤§®a¡vªx«ü¡u¹ï±w¦³¤ß²z©Î¥Í²z»Ùꪺ¯f±w¡A´£¨Ñ¤é±`·ÓÅ@©Î»²§UªA°È¡A¨ó§U¨ä¿W¥ß¥Í¬¡ªº¾÷ºc¡v(Sirrocco 1994, 8)¡C¥Ñ©ó¦b»`¶°¿¯­¹º[·ÓÅ@¤§®aªº¸ê®Æ®É¹J¨ìºØºØ­­¨î¡A¦]¦¹¥»¸`¥u°Q½×Àø¾i°|ªº²Î­p¸ê®Æ¡C

 

©Ò¦³Åv¶µ¥Ø¤U¥]§t°êÀç¡B¨p¤HÀç§Q¤Î¨p¤H«DÀç§QÀø¾i°|¡C1999¦~®É¡A¥u¦³6.6% ªºÀø¾i°| (¦û©Ò¦³Àø¾i°|¯f§É¼Æªº7.7%) ¥Ñ¬F©²¸gÀç (ªí10-3)¡A¥B¤j³¡¤À³£¬O¥Ñ¦a¤è¬F©²¾Ö¦³©MºÞ²z¡C¤j³¡¤ÀªºÀø¾i°|³£¥Ñ¨p¤H¸gÀç¡A¨ä¤¤¤j¬ù¤T¤À¤§¤G¬°Àç§Q¾÷ºc¡A27%¬°¨p¤H«DÀç§Q¾÷ºc¡C

 

Áp¦X¤ÎªþÄݶµ¥Ø¤U¥]§t³sÂê¡B¿W¥ß¡B¥ÑÂå°|³]¥ß¤Î«D¥ÑÂå°|³]¥ßªºÀø¾i°|¡C³sÂêÀø¾i°|¬O«ü¥Ñ¤@¶°¹Î©Î¤@¦W©Î¼Æ¦W©Ò¦³Åv¤H¸gÀ窺¤@¸sÀø¾i°|¡A¿W¥ßÀø¾i°|¬O«ü¤£ÁõÄÝ©ó¥ô¦ó¨ä¥LÀø¾i°|©Î¶°¹ÎªºÀø¾i°| (Strahan 1997)¡C¦pªí10-3©Ò¥Ü¡A60% ªºÀø¾i°|¬°³sÂêÀø¾i°|¡A¦ý¥Ñ©ó¬Y¨Ç¦{ªºªk¥O­­¨î¡A¦³¨Ç¤j«¬³sÂêÀø¾i°|ÁY´î¤F¯f§É¼Æ¡C¥Ø«e¡A¤­®a³sÂêÀø¾i°|¤¤¡A¨C®a³£¾Ö¦³30,000±i¥H¤Wªº¯f§É¡C³o¤­®aÀø¾i°|¤À§O¬°Beverly Enterprises (53,518±i¯f§É)¡BMariner Post-Acute Network (46,639±i¯f§É)¡BKindred Healthcare (40,335±i¯f§É)¡BManor Care (41,700±i¯f§É)¡A¤ÎIntegrated Health Services (33,374±i¯f§É) [Aventis Pharmaceuticals/SMG Marketing Group 2002]¡C

 

¾÷ºc³W¼Ò«üªº©wÀø¾i°|ªº¯f§É¼Æ¡C¥­§¡³W¼Ò±q1973-1974¦~ªº75±i¯f§ÉÂX¤j¬°2000¦~ªº106±i¯f§É (DHHS 2002a)¡A¦ý¨C1,000¦W65·³¥H¤W¦Ñ¤Hªº¥­§¡¯f§É¼Æ«o±q1997¦~ªº59.7±i¯f§É´î¤Ö¬°2000¦~ªº51.6±i (DHHS 2002a)¡C¯f§É´î¤Öªº¥D­n­ì¦]¬O·U¨Ó·U¦hªº¦Ñ¦~¤H¿ï¾ÜªÀ°ÏªA°È¡C


¡@

ªí10-3 1999¦~Àø¾i°|Á`¼Æ¤Î¤À§G¤ñ¨Ò¡B¯f§ÉÁ`¼Æ¡B¨C¶¡Àø¾i°|¯f§É¼Æ¤Î¾÷ºc¯S©Ê

 

Àø¾i°|

¯f§É

 

¥Ø«e¦í°|ª¬ªp

¾÷ºc¯S©Ê

¼Æ¶q

¤À§G %

¼Æ¶q

(1,000)

¤À§G %

¨C¶¡¯f§É¼Æ

¼Æ¶q

(1,000)

¦û¥Î²v

(%)

©Ò¦³¾÷ºc

18,000

 

1,965

100

109

1,627

82.8

©Ò¦³Åv¡G

          ¨p¤HÀç§Q

          ¨p¤H«DÀç§Q

           °êÀç¤Î¨ä¥L

 

12,000

4,800

1,200

 

66.7

26.7

6.6

 

1,291

5,23

151

 

65.7

26.6

7.7

 

108

109

126

 

1,048

446

133

 

81.2

85.3

88.1

»{ÃÒ¡G

  ¦Ñ¤H¤Î³h¥ÁÂåÀø«OÀI (SNF/NF)

  ¶È¦Ñ¤HÂåÀø«OÀI (SNF)

  ¶È³h¥ÁÂåÀø«OÀI (NF)

  ¥¼¨ú±o»{ÃÒ

 

14,700

 

 

600

 

2,100

 

500

 

81.7

 

 

3.3

 

11.7

 

2.8

 

1,698

 

 

49

 

177

 

40

 

86.5

 

 

2.5

 

9.0

 

2.0

 

116

 

 

82

 

89

 

80

 

1,414

 

 

37

 

143

 

33

 

83.3

 

 

75.5

 

80.8

 

82.5

¾÷ºc³W¼Ò¡G

   ¤£¨¬50±i¯f§É

   50-99±i¯f§É

   100-199±i¯f§É

   200±i¯f§É¥H¤W

 

2,000

7,000

7,500

1,400

 

11.1

38.9

41.7

7.8

 

72

503

998

392

 

3.7

25.6

50.8

19.9

 

36

72

133

280

 

59

414

826

328

 

81.9

82.3

82.8

83.7

¦a°Ï¡G

  ªF¥_³¡

  ¤¤¦è³¡

  «n³¡

  ¦è³¡

 

3,200

6,000

6,000

2,800

 

17.8

33.3

33.3

15.6

 

443

619

652

251

 

22.5

31.5

33.2

12.8

 

138

103

109

90

 

382

498

531

215

 

86.2

80.4

81.6

85.7

Áp¦X¤ÎªþÄÝ¡G

   ³sÂê

   ¿W¥ß

 

10,800

7,200

 

60.0

40.0

 

1,179

781

 

60.2

39.8

 

109

108

 

977

646

 

82.9

82.7

¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½US Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2002, P. 116.


¡@

Àø¾i°|ªº¥þ°ê¦û§É²v±q1977¦~92.9% ´î¤Ö¬°2000¦~ªº82.4%¡Aªí¥Ü¯f§É§Q¥Î²v¤£¨¬ (DHHS 2002a)¡C

 

¦bªí10-3ªº»{ÃÒ³¡¤À¡A¥Ñ©óÂå°|Àø¾i¾÷ºc (¦h¥b³£¤w¨ú±o¦Ñ¤HÂåÀø«OÀI­p¹ºªº»{ÃÒ) ªº³W¼Ò±`³£¤ñ«DÂå°|Àø¾i¾÷ºc¤p¡A¦Ó¥B³\¦h¾÷ºc¥u´N¯S©w¶µ¥Ø´M¨D¦Ñ¤HÂåÀø«OÀI­p¹ºªº»{ÃÒ¡A¦]¦¹¦b©Ò¦³¯f§É¼Æ¤¤¡A¥uÀò±o¦Ñ¤HÂåÀø«OÀI­p¹º»{ÃÒªº¯f§É¥u¦û2.5%¡A¤j³¡¤À¯f§É (86.5%) ¦P®É¨ú±o¦Ñ¤H©M³h¥ÁÂåÀø«OÀI­p¹ºªº»{ÃÒ¡C¥þ¬ü°ê¥u¦³2% ªº¯f§É¥¼¨ú±o»{ÃÒ¡A³o¨Ç¯f§É¥u¯à¦¬®e­Ó¤H¦Û¥I¯f±w¡C

 

¦bÀø¾i°|ªº©Ò¦³¦í°|¯f±w¤¤¡A65·³¥H¤Wªº¦Ñ¦~¤H¦û¤F¤j¬ù90%¡Cªí10-4¨Ì¦~ÄÖ¡B©Ê§O¤ÎºØ±Ú¡A´£¨Ñ¦³ÃöÀø¾i°|¦Ñ¦~¯f±wªº²Î­p¸ê®Æ¡C1985¨ì1999¦~´Á¶¡¡AÀø¾i°|ªº¯f±wµ²ºc¥X²{¦Ñ¤Æ©M¤HºØ¦h¼Ë¤Æªºµo®i¶É¦V¡A¶Â¤H¼W¥[3.7%¡A¨ä¥L¤HºØ¼W¥[¤F2.3%¡A¦ý¥Õ¤H«o§e²{¤U­°ÁͶաC

 

°£¤F³Ì«á´X¦~¥~¡AÀø¾i°|¨C100±i¯f§ÉªºÂåÅ@¤H­û¼Æ¶q³£§e²{¥­Ã­¼W¥[ªºÁÍ¶Õ (¹Ï10-12)¡C³o¶µµo®i¤Ï¬M¥X³o¬q´Á¶¡Àø¾i°|ªº¯f±w¥X²{¯f±¡¥[¼@¡B»Ý­n§ó¦h·ÓÅ@ªº¶É¦V¡CµM¦Ó¡A¦p¹Ï10-13©Ò¥Ü¡A±q©Ò¿ï¾Üªº´X­ÓADL¾÷¯à¶µ¥ØÆ[¹î¡A¦Û1995¦~¥H«á¡A¯f±¡¥[¼@ªº±¡§Î¥X²{¤U­°ÁͶաC

 

ªí10-4  Àø¾i°|65·³¥H¤W¦Ñ¦~¯f±w¤H¼Æ¤Î¤À§G¤ñ¨Ò

 

1985

1999

¯S¼x

¯f±w¤H¼Æ

¤À§G¤ñ¨Ò

¯f±w¤H¼Æ

¤À§G¤ñ¨Ò

65·³¥H¤W¯f±wÁ`¤H¼Æ

¦~ÄÖ

   65-74

   75-84

   85 (§t) ¥H¤W

 

1,318,400

 

212,100

509,000

597,300

 

100

 

16.1

38.6

45.3

 

1,469,500

 

194,800

517,600

757,100

 

100

 

13.3

35.2

51.5

©Ê§O

   ¨k©Ê

   ¤k©Ê

 

33,400

983,900

 

25.4

74.6

 

377,800

1,091,700

 

25.7

74.3

ºØ±Ú

   ¥Õ¤H

   ¶Â¤H

   ¨ä¥L¤HºØ

 

1,227,400

82,000

8,900

 

93.1

6.2

0.7

 

1,279,600

145,900

44,000

 

87.1

9.9

3.0

¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GHealth, United States, 2002, P. 266, US Department of Health and Human Services.


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¨C100±i¯f§É¥þ¾ÂåÅ@¤H­û*

 

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* ¥]¬A¦æ¬F¡BÂåÀø¤ÎªvÀø¤H­û¡BRN¡BLPN¡BÅ@¤h§U²z

 

¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GG.W. Strahan, "An Overview of Nursing Homes and Their Current Residents: Data from the 1995 National Nursing Home Survey", Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics, NO. 280, National Center for Health Statistics, 1997; Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2002, P. 116, US Census Bureau.

 

 

 

¹Ï10-13  Àø¾i°|¦Ñ¦~¯f±wªº¾÷¯àª¬ªp (¿ï©w¦~«×)

 

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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡FHealth, Unites States, 2002, P. 267, National Center for Health Statistics.


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ªí10-5  ¨C100±i¯f§É¥þ¾ÂåÅ@¤H­û (¨Ì»{ÃÒºØÃþ¤Î¤u§@©Ê½è°Ï¤À)

 

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¶È³h¥ÁÂåÀø«OÀI (NF)

¥¼¨ú±o»{ÃÒ

 

 

79.6

 

84.9

 

70.3

76.2

 

 

53.0

 

54.4

 

46.9

44.6

 

 

8.0

 

11.3

 

5.0

6.2

 

 

10.8

 

10.8

 

9.1

9.0

 

 

34.1

 

32.3

 

32.8

29.4

¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡G1997 National Nursing Home Survey, Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics, No. 311, National Center for Health.

 

 

ªí10-5´£¨Ñ¨Ì¾÷ºc»{ÃÒºØÃþ²Î­pªºÂåÅ@¤H­û¸ê®Æ¡C¦Ñ¤HÂå«OÀI­p¹º»{ÃÒ¤UªºÂåÀø¤H­û¤ñ¨Ò¸û°ª¡Aªí¥Ü¯f±w¯f±¡¸û¬°ÄY­«¡C

 

Àø¾i°|ªº¸êª÷¨Ó·½

¹Ï10-14´£¨ÑÂå°|¡BÀø¾i°|¡BÂå®vªA°È¡B³B¤èÃĤΨä¥L­Ó¤HÂåÀø«O°· (¤úÂå¤Î¨ä¥L±M·~ÂåÀøªA°È¡B©~®a·ÓÅ@¡BÃĪ«¡B­@©Ê©ÊÂåÀø³]³Æ¡Bµø¤O«O°·µ¥µ¥) ªºÁ`

 

¹Ï10-14  ­Ó¤HÂåÀø«O°·¤ä¥X¤À§G¹Ï

 

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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GHealth, Unites States, 2002, P. 293, 294, National Center for Health Statistics.


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¤ä¥X¤ñ¸û¸ê®Æ¡C¬ü°ê¤Hªá¦bÀø¾i°|ªº¤ä¥X»·§C©ó¨ä¥L¤TºØÂåÀø«O°·»â°ì¡A´N³s¤ä¥X¦¨ªø²v¤]±Æ¦W³Ì«á¡C1995¦~¥H«á¡A¬ü°ê¤H¦b³B¤èÃĤ譱ªº¤ä¥X³v¶W¶VÀø¾i°|¤ä¥X¡C¦b¸êª÷¨Ó·½¤è­±¡A¤j¦h¼ÆÀø¾i°|±q³h¥ÁÂåÀø«OÀI­p¹ºÀò±oµ¹¥I(¹Ï10-15)¡C

 

¦Ñ¤HÂåÀø«OÀI­p¹º

ÁöµM¦Ñ¤HÂåÀø«OÀI­p¹º¦Ñ¦~¤HÂåÀøªA°Èªº¥D­nµ¹¥I¾÷ºc¡A¦ý¥Ñ©ó¦Ñ¤HÂåÀø«O­p¹º¹ï©óÀø¾i°|³]©w¦hºØµ¹¥I±ø¥ó¡A¦]¦¹¦b2000¦~®É¡A¦b«DÂå°|¦¨¥ßªºÀø¾i°|¤è­±¡A¦Ñ¤HÂåÀø«OÀI­p¹ºªºµ¹¥Iª÷ÃB¥u¦û¤F10.3%¡C¦ý¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¥Ñ©óÂå°|PPS®Ö¥I¨î«×ªº¹ê¬I¡A¨Ï±oÂå°|´£¦­±N¯f±wÂà¦ÜSNF¾÷ºc¡A¦]¦¹¦b¹L¥h´X¦~¦Ñ¤HÂåÀø«OÀI­p¹º¹ïÀø¾i°|ªºµ¹¥Iª÷ÃB§e²{¼W¥[ÁͶաC¹Ï10-16´£¨ÑÀø¾i°|ªº¥|­Ó¥D­n¸êª÷¨Ó·½¡C

 

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