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(ªí8-2)¡C¬Û¸û©ó¦~»´¤H¡A¦Ñ¦~¤Hªá¶O§óªøªº®É¶¡«Ý¦bÂå°|¤º¡F¦Ó¬Û¸û©ó¨k©Ê¡A¦³§ó¦h¤k©Ê¤J°|ªvÀø¡A¦ý¬O¨k©Ê¦í°|¤Ñ¼Æ¤@¯ë³£¤ñ¸ûªø¡C¦b½Õ¾ã18·³¥H¤W¤k©Êªº¤À®Y¦]¯À«á¡A¤k©ÊªºÂåÀø¤Ñ¼Æ«h¤ñ¨k©Ê¤Ö
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¡F¬Û¸û©ó¥Õ¤H¡A¶Â¤H¦³§ó°ªªº¦í°|ªvÀø¤ñ¨Ò¡F¦P®ÉªÀ·|¸gÀÙª¬ªp¸û®tªº¤H¤ñ´I¸Îªº¤H¤]¦³¸û°ªªº¦í°|ªvÀø¤ñ¨Ò¡A³o¬O¦]¬°¸û³h½aªº¤H¤f±Ú¸s³q±`¤ñ¸û¤£®e©ö¨ú±o¨Ò¦æ©Êªº°ò¼hÂåÀøªA°È¡C¦]¦¹¡A¥LÌ´N·U¥i¯àµo¥Í«æ¶Eªº±¡ªp¡A¦]¦Ó·U±`¦í°|ªvÀø¡A¦í°|¤Ñ¼Æ¤]·|·Uªø¡C¦b¬ü°ê¦è¥b³¡¡AÂå°|ªº¨Ï¥Î²v¬Û¸û©ó¨ä¥L¦a°ÏÅã±o«Ü§C¡CºÞ²z¦¡ÂåÀø¥«³õ¦û¦³²v°ª¬O¾ÉP¨Ï¥Î²v§Cªº¥Dnì¦]¡A¬Û¸û©ó³£¥«¦a°Ï¡A¶m§ø¦a°Ïªº¨Ï¥Îµ{«×¤ñ¸û°ª¡A¨Ï¥Îªº¼Ò¦¡¤]»¡©ú¤F¦bÂåÀø«OÀIp¹º»P³h¥ÁÂåÀø«OÀIp¹ºªº°Ñ¥[ªÌ¨Ï¥Î¾ãÅéÂå°|ªº¤ñ²v¤ñ¨ä¥L¤H¤f°ª¡C
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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡G¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¨Ì¾ÚHealth, United States, 2002,
PP. 256, 257, 259, 260ªº¼Æ¦r½s»s¥»¹Ï
¡@
³o¤]¥i¥Î¨Ó¿Å¶q¯f±w¥§¡ªá¶O¦bÂå°|ªº¤Ñ¼Æ¡C³oºØ¿Å¶q¤èªkÀ³¥Î¦bÓ¤H©Î¯S©w¯f±w±Ú¸s¬O¯e¯fÄY«©Êªº«ü¼Ð¡C°²³]ÂåÀø¸ê·½¥þ¥Î¦b¯f±w¨C¤é©Ò«ÝªºÂå°|¯f§É¤W®É¡A¥¦¤]¥i¥HÅã¥Ü¥Î¦b¯S©w¯f±wÃþ«¬ªº¥§¡¦í°|¸ê·½¡C¦b2000¦~¡A¬ü°êªÀ°ÏÂå°|ªºALOS´î¤Ö¦Ü4.9¤Ñ¬°³Ì§Cªº°O¿ý¡Aªí8-2»¡©ú¥H¼ÆºØ¯f±w¯S©Ê¬°¥DªºALOS¡C¹Ï8-6«h»¡©ú¨Ì¾ÚÂå°|©Ò¦³ÅvÃþ«¬¨Ó°Ï¤Àªº¥Ø«eALOSÁͶաA¹Ï8-7«h»¡©ú1970¦~¦Ü2000¦~¶¡ALOSªº¤U°ÁͶաCPPS¹ïALOS¤§¤U°¦³ÅãµÛªº¼vÅT¡A±µµÛ¬O1990¦~¥NºÞ²z¦¡ÂåÀøªº¼vÅT¡A¦b1990¦~¥N¤¤¡A¦]¬°¦³´À¥N©ÊªA°Èªº¦s¦b¡C¨Ò¦p¡G«P¨Ï¤HÌ´£¦¥X°|ªº©~®a·ÓÅ@»P¦¸«æ©Êªø´ÁÂåÀø¡A¥§¡¦í°|¤Ñ¼Æ´N¦³¥i¯à¤j´T¤U°¡A¥Ñ©ó³o¨ÇÂåÀøªº´À¥N©Ê³]¬I»P°ª¬ì§Þªºµo®i¡A¦bPPS©ÎºÞ²z¦¡ÂåÀøµ¹¥I¨î«×¤U¡A´N¤£·|¦Aµo¥Í¦]ÂåÀø¹ï¯f±w³y¦¨¶Ë®`¦Ó¨Ï¯f±w´£¦¥X°|ªº¨Æ±¡¡C
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(¹Ï8-8)¡CªÀ°ÏÂå°|ªº¥§¡³W¼Ò¬°168±i¯f§É¡A³oÓ¥§¡¼Æ±q1995¦~°_´N¤@ª½«O«ù©T©w¡C¥H¥þ°ê¦Ó¨¥¨å«¬ªº¶m§øÂå°|¦³65±i¯f§É¡A¦Ó³£¥«Âå°|«h¦³231±i¯f§É
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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GHealth, United States, 2002, P. 265,
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¥§¡¨C¤é²Îp¼Æ
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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GHealth, United States, 2002, P. 279,
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¡@
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ªºÁ`¦í°|¤Ñ¼Æ°£¥H¬Û¦P´Á¶¡ªº¤Ñ¼Æ¡A¨ú±o¥§¡¨C¤é²Îp¼Æ¡CÁ|¨Ò¨Ó»¡¡AY7¤ë®ÉªºÁ`¦í°|¤Ñ¼Æ¬°3131¤Ñ¡A«h7¤ëªº¥§¡¨C¤é²Îp¼Æ¬°101
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¬O¦b«ü¯S©w´Á¶¡¤º¡A¥§¡¨C¤é²Îp¼Æ°£¥H¯f§É¼Æ (®e¶q)
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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GHealth, United States, 1995, P. 231;
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¦b1996¦~¦Ü2001¦~¶¡¡AÂå°|´N·~¤j¬ù¦¨ªø¤F3%
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¦b±Nªñ1,200¸UÓ¬ü°êÂåÀø¤u§@¤¤¡A¬ù¦³45%¬O¦bÂå°|¤º¡A¦b2001¦~®É¡AÂå°|´N·~¤H¤fÁ`p¦³520¸U¤H¡A¦û¬ü°ê´N·~¤H¤f
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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GManaged Care Digest Series:
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¸ê®Æ¨Ó·½¡GHealth, United States, 2002, P. 279,
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³o¨ÇÂå°|¬O¬°¤F¾Ö¦³³o¨Ç¾÷ºcªº¹êÅé (¤]´N¬OªÑªF)
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¥H¦h³æ¦ìÁp·ù¨Ó¤ÀÃþ
¦b¤G®a©Î¥H¤WÂå°|¥Ñ¶°¤¤²Õ´©Ò¾Ö¦³¡B¯²É¡BÃÙ§U©Î«´¬ùºÞ²z®É¡AÂå°|«hÁõÄÝ©ó¦h©ÒÂå°|³sÂê
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